Further, lorazepam exacerbated the sedative, attention-impairing, and amnestic effects of ketamine. However, it failed to reduce many cognitive and behavioral effects of ketamine, including psychosis. Lorazepam reduced ketamine-associated emotional distress and there was a non-significant trend for it to decrease perceptual alterations produced by ketamine. Lorazepam produced attention impairments, concrete proverb interpretations, and recall impairments. Ketamine: 1) produced behaviors similar to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia as assessed by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) 2) evoked perceptual alterations as measured by the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS) 3) impaired performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and other tests sensitive to frontal cortical impairment and 4) had amnestic effects. Twenty-three healthy subjects completed 4 test days involving the oral administration of lorazepam or matched placebo 2 h prior to the i.v. bolus of 0.26 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 0.65 mg/kg per hour) and lorazepam 2 mg., PO, in humans.
This study assessed the interactive effects of a ketamine (i.v. These cognitive and perceptual effects in humans are reportedly reduced by benzodiazepine premedication. Ketamine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist with psychotogenic and dissociative effects in healthy humans.
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